Urology discipline lectures

1. Semiology. Anatomy and embryology of the urinary and male genital system. Main functions of the kidney. Semiology of urinary apratus: fever, pain, urination disorders, qualitative and quantitative changes in urine (polyuria, oliguria, anuria), urethral secretion..

2. Urinary tract infection. Obstructive anuria.

3. Urinary tract tumours: renal parenchymal tumours (benign, malignant), renal cyst, urinary tract tumours (utrothelial tumours, urethral tumours).

4. Male genital tumours: prostate, testicle, penis.

5. Non-specific and specific infections of the urogenital tract: Urosepsis, MSOF, Fournier's Gangrene. Urogenital tuberculosis

6. Malformations of the urogenital system. Uro-gynaecology.

7. Trauma of the urogenital system.

Clinical internships topic:

1. Urological semiology. Anamnesis, general clinical examination and local examination of the urological patient. Laboratory examinations of the urological patient.

2. Imaging explorations: uro-genital ultrasound. Classical radiological exploration of the urinary tract. Computed tomography. Nuclear magnetic resonance. Radioisotopic exploration of the urological patient. Invasive radiological investigations: anterograde/retrograde ureteropyelography. Cystography. Retrograde urethrography.

3. Urethro-vesical catheterization, urethral dilatations, bladder lavage, therapeutic bladder instillations. Suprapubic cystostomy.

4. Preoperative preparation and monitoring of the postoperative evolution of the urological patient. Types of urological surgery. Anaesthesia in urology.

5. Endoscopy of the lower urinary tract: Cystoscopy. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P); Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TUR-V); Cystolithotripsy. Internal optical urethrotomy.

6. Upper urinary endoscopy: semi-rigid retrograde ureteroscopy. Flexible ureteroscopy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. LASER lithotripsy.

7. Ultrasound procedures in urology: prostate biopsy. Renal biopsy. Percutaneous nephrostomy. Extracorporeal lithotripsy - ESWL.

8. Open surgery: nephrectomy (radical, total, partial, nephro-ureterectomy). Pyelolithotomy. Nephrolithotomy. Pyeloplasty. Ureterolithotomy. Transvesical adenomectomy. Radical prostatectomy. Radical cystectomy (urinary diversions: cutaneous ureterostomy, cutaneous urinary diversion through ileal conduit, enterocystoplasty). Surgical cure of varicocele. Orchiectomy (simple, inguinal). Epididymectomy. Uro-gynaecological operations (suburethral banding, subvesical meshes, perineorrhaphy). Circumcision.

9. CLaparoscopic/robotic surgery: radical prostatectomy. Radical cystectomy. Radical nephrectomy. Nephroureterectomy. Partial nephrectomy. Pyelolithotomy. Pyeloplasty. Surgical treatment of varicocele.