FOREIGN STUDENTS

Syllabus

HUMAN ANATOMY AND EMBYOLOGY

Universitary Year 2020-2021

I-st YEAR

Course (content units)

I^st Semester

1.      General embryology: gametogenesis

2.       General embryology: blastocyst, bilaminar and trilaminar germ disc formation

3.       General embryology: embryo formation and sketching of primordial organs. Fetus annexes and placenta

4.       Special embryology: skeletal system development

5.       Special embryology: muscular system development. Introduction to myology: muscle structure and classification

6.       Introduction to the study of the joints: classification, structure, movement types

7.      Shoulder, elbow and hand joints

8.       Hip, knee and foot joints

9.       Joints of the skull and vertebral column; head and torso movements

10.    Biomechanics of posture and complex movements

11.    Arterial networks of the superior and inferior limbs; trunk wall vascularization

12.    The spinal nerves and brachial plexus; sensitive and motor innervations areas of the trunk and the superior limbs

13.    Lumbar and sacral plexus; sensitive and motor innervations areas of the inferior limbs

14. Lymphatic system of the trunk and the limbs

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Courses published on the discipline site

Victor Papilian, Anatomia Omului, vol 1, vol 2,

Viorel Ranga, Anatomia Omului, vol1, vol2, vol5

Gray’s Anatomy for Students,

Langman Embriologie Medicala, ed. Medicală Callisto, 2008

Practical work (topics / themes)

I^st Semester

1.       Protection rules inside dissection rooms. Human body parts. Axis, planes, landmarks used in descriptive anatomy. Introduction in osteology; bone classification; general terms used in bone study

2.       Vertebral column. General features of vertebra. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebra: regional and special features

3.       Sacrum and coccyx bone. Vertebral column as a whole

4.       Osteology of the superior limb: clavicle and scapula. Osteology of the trunk: sternum

5.       Osteology of the trunk: ribs. Osteology of the superior limb: humerus, radius, ulna

6.       Osteology of the hand

7.       Osteology of the inferior limb: coxal bone. Pelvis – morphometric features

8.       Osteology of the inferior limb: femur, patella

9.       Osteology of the inferior limb: tibia, peroneum

10.    Osteology of the foot

11.    Evaluation I

12.    Introduction to myology: general features of the muscles and the annexes. Spinal nerve: posterior branches. Vascularization and innervation of the back and the neck

13.    Dissection of the back and the neck muscles

14.    Dissection of the anterior and lateral thorax wall muscles. Intercostal nerve and artery. Mammary gland

15.    Dissection of axilla: axilla walls; brachial plexus; axillary artery and vein; lymphatic ganglions of axilla

16.    Brachial plexus – terminal branches. Dissection of the anterior compartment of arm: muscles, vessels and nerves

17.    Dissection of the anterior compartment of forearm: muscles, vessels and nerves

18.    Dissection of scapular area. Dissection of posterior compartment of arm. Dissection of posterior compartment of forearm and hand

19.    Evaluation II

20.    Dissection of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall

21.    Inguinal canal

22.    Lumbar plexus. Dissection of the anterior and medial compartments of thigh. Femoral artery

23.    Dissection of the anterior and lateral compartment of leg. Dissection of the posterior compartment of foot

24.    Sacral plexus. Dissection of the gluteus region

25.    Dissection of the posterior compartment of thigh. Popliteus region

26.    Dissection of the posterior compartment of leg

27.    Dissection of the posterior compartment of foot

28.    Evaluation III

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Practical works published on the discipline site

Victor Papilian, Anatomia Omului, vol 1, vol 2,

Viorel Ranga, Anatomia Omului, vol1, vol2, vol5

DOWNLOAD

COURSE

Fertilization Week 1-2(1).pdf

Folding and Placenta(1).pdf

gametogenesis(1).pdf

LowerrLimbsVascularization.pdf

the articular system.pdf

UpperLimbsVascularization.pdf

Week 3-4.pdf

InferiorLimb-Joints.pdf

SuperiorLimb-Joints.pdf

Practical work

Lab no 1

Lab no 2-3

Lab no 4

Lab no 5

Lab no 6

Lab no 7

Lab no 8-9

Lab no 10

Lab no 11-evaluation

Lab no 12-13

Lab no 14

Lab no 15

Lab no 16

PRACTICAL EXAM SUBJECTS

SAMPLE QUESTIONS - Written test

Course (content units)

II^ndSemester

1. Special embryology: Development of the nervous system

2. Special embryology: Development of the nervous system

3. Overview of the organization of the central nervous system. Functional structure of the spinal cord

4. Functional structure of the brain stem

5. Cranial nerves

6. Functional structure of the cerebellum and diencephalon

7. Functional structure of the telencephalon. Reticular formation

8. Cerebrovascular and ventricular systems; cerebrospinal fluid spaces; cranial meninges and vascular supply of the brain

9. Brain functional systems: motor and sensory systems

10. Brain functional systems: limbic system. Special senses: olfaction, taste, vision, hearing, balance

11. Special embryology: Development of cephalic extremity

12. Central nervous system and craniofacial malformations

13. Functional anatomy of the larynx

14. Head and neck vascular and lymphatic systems

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Courses published on the discipline site

Victor Papilian, Anatomia Omului, vol 1, vol 2,

Viorel Ranga, Anatomia Omului, vol1, vol2, vol5

Gray’s Anatomy for Students,

Langman Embriologie Medicala, ed. Medicală Callisto, 2008

Practical work (topics / themes)

II^ndSemester

1. Bones of the neural skull: frontal, parietal, occipital, ethmoid

2. Bones of the neural skull: temporal, sphenoid

3. Bones of the facial skull: maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, palatin, vomer

4. Bones of the facial skull: mandible. Frontal view of the skull

5. Lateral, occipital and vertical view of the skull. Skull sutures. Fontanelles

6. Exobase and endobase of the skull. Temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa, pterigopalatine fossa

7. Evaluation I: cranium

8. Spinal cord: external features and relations, internal organization. Spinal meninges. Encephalon: parts. Cranial meninges

9. Brain stem: external features, cranial nerves origins. Cerebellum: external features, lobes. Fourth ventricle

10. Cerebral hemispheres: external configuration, gyri, sulci

11. Diencephalon. Basal Ganglia. Internal Capsule

12. Standard sagital, horizontal and frontal sections through encephalon

13. Cerebral ventricles I, II and III; cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Arterial and venous circulation of encephalon: carotid and vertebral basilar systems, dura mater venous sinuses

14. Evaluation II: spinal cord and brain

15. Orbit: walls, ocular bulb: layers, content; ocular bulb annexes: lacrimal system, conjunctiva, eye-lids, and eye bulb muscles. Cranial nerves III, IV, Va, VI

16. Cavities inside temporal bone. External, middle and inner ear. Cranial nerve VIII

17. Cervical fascia. Neck superficial venous system. Platysma muscle. Cervical plexus

18. Neck muscles: sternocleidomastoid and infrahioid muscles. Cranial nerve IX. Scalen and prevertebral muscles. Subclavian artery and vein

19. Vascular and nervous bundle of neck: carotid artery, vagal nerve, internal jugular vein. Sympatic cervical ganglia. Supraclavicular part of brachial plexus

20. Hioid bone, suprahioid muscles, submandibular gland. External carotid artery: path, cervical branches

21. Skin innervation of the face. Mimic and maseter muscles. Facial vein and artery. Cranial nerve VII

22. Evaluation III. Muscles, vassels and nerves of the neck and face

23. Maseter muscle. Temporal fossa: temporal muscle, superficial temporal artery and auriculotemporal nerve. Parotid gland. Infratemporal fossa: medial and lateral pterygoid muscles; maxillary artery and mandibular nerve

24. Pterygopalatine fossa: maxillary nerve. External nose, nasal cavity, nasal sinuses

25. Oral cavity, tongue, sublingual glands, isthmus faucium. Cranial nerve XII

26. Pharynx: relations, internal configuration, structure. Parapharyngeal space. Cranial nerve IX. Cervical esophagus

27. Larynx and cervical trachea: relations, structures, internal configuration, vascularization and innervations. Thyroid gland

28. Evaluation IV: Viscera of the neck. Fossa and cavities of the face

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Practical works published on the discipline site

Victor Papilian, Anatomia Omului, vol 1, vol 2,

Viorel Ranga, Anatomia Omului, vol1, vol2, vol5

DOWNLOAD

Courses

1.CNS development.pdf

2.Pharingial arches development.pdf

8.MAJOR SENSORY PATHWAYS.pdf

9.Cerebellum.pdf

10.LymphVasc-HeadNeck_2013.pdf

11.MeningealMembranes_Vascularisation_Ventricles2013.pdf

12. Motor and sensitive pathways

13. Functional anatomy of the larynx

Practical work

Practical works - exam

Summer session

Anatomy exam program ()

Grid test (60 questions): 8⁰⁰ – 9³⁰

Practical exam (videoconference):

Group 1	10³⁰ - 11³⁰
Group 2	11⁴⁵ – 12⁴⁵
Group 3	13⁰⁰ – 14⁰⁰
Group 4	14¹⁵ - 15¹⁵

For students with credits, the practical exam starts at 15¹⁵

II-nd YEAR

Course (content units)

1. Functional Anatomy of Respiratory System. Development of Respiratory System

2. Development of Cardiovascular System

3. Heart – Functional Anatomy

4. Abdominal cavity. Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity

5. Development of gastrointestinal system

6. Functional anatomy of the liver

7. Functional anatomy of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas

8. Functional anatomy of the small and large intestine

9. Development of urogenital system

10. Functional anatomy of the kidney

11. Functional anatomy of the urogenital system

12. Vascular supply of the abdominal and pelvic viscera. Portacaval shunts.

13. Abdomino-pelvine autonomic system

14. Lymphatic drainage of the trunk viscera. Thymus and spleen.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Courses published on the discipline site

Victor Papilian, Anatomia Omului, vol 2,

Viorel Ranga, Anatomia Omului, vol3, vol6

Langman Embriologie Medicala, ed. Medicală Callisto, 2008

Practical work (topics / themes)

1. The trunk overview: limits, orientation lines, anatomical marks. Trunk walls. Trunk division. Diaphragma muscle. Mediastinal limits and divisions.

2. Trachea and lung airways. The lungs: external aspects, relations, lung segments, lung vascular supply and lung innervation. Pleurae.

3. Heart: external configuration, relations Pericardium: descriptive anatomy and pericardium sinuses Major blood vessels

4. Heart: chambers; valvular system Coronary vessels

5. Aorta – thoracic part. Superior vena cava. Azygos veins. Esophagus – thoracic part. Thoracic sympathetic trunk. Thoracic duct

6. Abdominal cavity: subdivision, peritoneum (description, manner of continuing, peritoneal formations). Supramesocholic level: limits, content. Liver: external appearance, relations, segmentation, vascularization and innervation. Extrahepatic biliary tracks

7. Abdominal esophagus: relations, vascularization, innervation. Stomach: external appearance, relations, structure, vascularization and innervation. Bursa Omentalis. Spleen. Celiac trunk

8. Duodenum and pancreas: external and internal aspects, relations, structure, vascular supply and innervation.

9. Mesentery. Jejunum-ileum: external and internal aspects, relations, structure, vascular supply and innervation.

10.Caecum and vermiform appendix: external and internal aspects, relations, structure, vascular supply and innervation. Colon and its mesentery: external and internal aspects, relations, structure, vascular supply and innervation

11. Abdominal aorta. Inferior vena cava. Lombar and abdominal parts of the sympathetic system. Lombar plexus. Lymphatic drainage of the abdominal viscera. Portacaval shunts.

12. Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions. Extra peritoneal spaces. Retroperitoneal spaces: limits, content. Renal space. Kidneye relations.

13. Kidneys: external features, structure, blood supplying and innervation. Urinary excretory pathways. Suprarenal glands

14. Osseous pelvis: structure, narrowing, internal and external pelvimetry. Pelvis muscles (anal elevators, coccigian, internal obturator): insertions, traject, relations, innervations. Sacrococcigian plexus

15. Rectum and urinary blader: external features, relations, structure, vascular supply and inervation

16. Ovary and uterine tube: external features, relations, structure, vascular supply and innervation

17. Uterus, vagina and broad ligament of the uterus

18. Pelvisubperitoneal space in female: limits, content and pelvic peritoneum. Iliac internal artery and vein: origin, traject and branches.

19. Perineum in female. Vulva

20. Testis. Scrotum. Epididymus. Scrotal part of deferent duct.

21. Inguinal canal. Spermatic cord. Iliac part of deferent duct

22. Pelvine part of deferent duct. Ejaculatory ducts. Seminal vesicles

23. Prostate, male urethra and penis: external features, relations, structure, vascular supply and innervation.

24. Pelvisubperitoneal space in male

25. Perineum in male. Ischiorectal fossa

26-28. Recap

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Practical works published on the discipline site

Victor Papilian, Anatomia Omului, vol 2,

Viorel Ranga, Anatomia Omului, vol3, vol6

DOWNLOAD

8.1 Course (content units)

1. Anatomic-clinical regions of the head.

2. Anatomic-topographic regions of the head.

3. Sectional anatomy of the encephalon.

4. Anatomic-clinical and topographic regions of the neck

5. Anatomic-clinical and topographic regions of the thoracic wall.

6. Topographic anatomy of the thoracic cavity: pleural-pulmonary regions.

7. Topographic anatomy of the thoracic cavity: mediastinum.

8. Anatomic-clinical and topographic regions of the abdominal wall.

9. Topographic anatomy of the abdominal cavity

10. Clinical anatomy of the abdomen.

11. Anatomic-topographic region of the pelvis.

12. Anatomic-clinical and topographic regions of the perineum.

13. Anatomic-clinical and topographic regions of the upper limb.

14. Anatomic-clinical and topographic regions of the lower limb.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Courses published on the discipline site

Ion Albu, Radu Georgia, Anatomie Topografică

Ion Mindrila, Dănuț Nicolae Tarnita, Rodica Maria Mănescu, Anatomie topografică şi secţională, Editura Medicală Universitară, Craiova, 2009

8.2 Practical work (topics / themes)

1. The parts of human body; regions, limits, anthropometric points. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the head: parietal regions of the neural floor.

2. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the head: face floor.

3. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the neck: regions, limits, layers.

4. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the thorax: parietal regions; clinical anatomy of the thoracic wall.

5. Visceral regions of the thorax. Intra-thoracic organs’ projections on the thoracic wall.

6. Sectional anatomy of the thorax.

7. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the abdomen: parietal regions; clinical anatomy of the abdominal wall.

8. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the abdominal cavity: peritoneal space. Visceral abdominal projection on the abdominal wall.

9. Topographic anatomy of the extra-peritoneal space. Kidneys, urinary tracts and large vessels projections on the abdominal walls.

10. Sectional anatomy of the abdomen.

11. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the pelvis. Internal and external pelvimetry.

12. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the perineum.

13. Topographic and sectional anatomy of the upper limb. Clinical anatomy of the upper limb.