Lecture program

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Lecture program

SEMESTER I, YEAR III

LECTURE

I. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Definition of Pharmacology. Pharmacodynamically active substance, general characteristics. Affinity and intrinsic activity (efficacy) Mechanisms of action (physical, chemical, biochemical). Direct, indirect and mixed mechanisms. Agonists and antagonists. Site of action of drugs. Notion of dose, types of doses. Dose-effect correlation. Chemical structure-pharmacodynamic action correlation. Factors influencing drug action (drug-dependent factors, biological structure-dependent factors). Changes in drug responsiveness to drugs. Pharmacodynamic effects (therapeutic, adverse, toxic). Pharmacokinetics (absorption, routes of administration, transport, distribution, biotransformation, storage, elimination). Drug interactions in the pharmacodynamic phase. Drug interactions in the pharmacokinetic phase. 
II. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND PERIPHERAL SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
Aspects of interference of pharmacodynamically active substances with synaptic transmission. Main mechanisms of pharmacodynamic action at neurovegetative synapses. 

1. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM
Functional stages of cholinergic mediation. Acetylcholine-synthesis, storage, release, cholinergic receptor interactions, bioinactivation, cholinesterase system. Cholinergic receptors - types, topography. Cholinergic muscarinic effects. Nicotine - nicotinic effects. Direct acetylcholinomimetics (pilocarpine, choline esters, other synthetic structures). Indirect reversible acetylcholinomimetics. Indirect irreversible acetylcholinomimetics (organo-phosphorus compounds, their mechanism of action, pharmaco-toxicological effects, acute and chronic organo-phosphorus intoxication, pharmacodynamic antagonisation of the effects of organo-phosphorus compounds). Muscarincolinolytics: atropine, predominantly antispasmodic (atropine methylnitrate, methylscopolamine, butylscopolamine, probantin) and predominantly mydriatic (haematropine, eucatropine, dibutolin) semisynthetic substituents. Ganglioblocking (pentamethonium, hexamethonium, azamethonium, petolinium, mecamylamine, pempidine) and curarizing (antidepolarizing-tubocurarine, galamine, mitolon, pancuronium and prolonged depolarizing-suxamethonium) nicotincolinolytics. 
2. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ADRENERGIC SYSTEM
Functional steps of adrenergic mediation-synthesis, storage, release, receptor interactions, enzymatic bioinactivation, reuptake process. Adrenergic receptors-types, topography. Alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects. Mechanism of action - direct, indirect and mixed. Adrenomimetics: alpha, beta, mixed. Adrenolytics: alpha-adrenolytics, beta-adrenolytics, neurosympatholytics. 

 III. Farmacologia sistemului nervos central
- Psychomotor stimulants (methylxanthines, amphetamines).
- Psychodysleptic.
- Bulbous analeptic.
- Spinal cord stimulants.
- Antidepressants (MAO inhibitors, tri- and tetracyclic derivatives). Narcotics (mechanism of action, phases of narcosis, types of narcotics, neuroleptanalgesia).
- Sedatives.
- Hypnotics (barbiturates, non-barbiturates).
- Anxiolytics.
- Neuroleptics.
- Anticonvulsant-antiepileptic.
- Anti-parkinsonian.
- Polysynaptic muscle relaxant.
- Central analgesics.
IV. AUTACOID FACTORS

- Eicosanoids.
- Growth factors.
- Cytokine.
- Platelet activation factor.
- Serotonin.
- Facilitators and inhibitors of serotonergic transmission.
V. ANALGESIC-ANTIPYRETIC-ANTIINFLAMMATORY
VI. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS
VII. HISTAMINE AND H1 ANTIHISTAMINES
VIII. VITAMINS
- Water-soluble.
- Fat-soluble.
LABORATORY
I. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY DATA
- Romanian Pharmacopoeia
- Units of measurement provided for in the Romanian Pharmacopoeia
- Name of the medicines
- Classification of medicines
II. DOSAGE FORMS
- Liquid pharmaceutical forms
- Solid pharmaceutical forms
- Semi-solid pharmaceutical forms
- Gaseous pharmaceutical forms
III. MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION
IV. PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATIONS OF GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
1. Qualitative change in pharmacodynamic action depending on the route of administration.
2. Quantitative modification of pharmacodynamic action depending on the route of administration.
3. Alteration of hepatic metabolism rate due to enzyme induction phenomenon (Shortening of sleep duration by sodium pentothal after phenobarbital pretreatment).
4. Demonstration of potentiation synergism following the association of sodium pentothal with chlorpromazine.
5. Demonstration of non-competitive strychnine-phenobarbital antagonism.
6. Demonstration of competitive acetylcholine-dextrotubocurarine antagonism.
V. SNC EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY
1. Demonstration of the toxic, convulsant action of caffeine, pentetrazol and strychnine.
2. Demonstration of ethyl ether-induced narcosis phases.
3. Demonstration of the local action of volatile narcotics on the tegument.
4. Demonstration of morphine-induced respiratory depression and antagonization of the effect by nalorphine.
5. Demonstration of the medullary stimulant action of morphine (Straub phenomenon).
6. Demonstration of chlorpromazine action on spontaneous motor activity.
VI. MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS
MAGISTRAL PRESCRIPTIONS
1. Pilocarpine eye drops
2. Atropine eye drops
3. Bronchodilator cassettes
4. Ephedrine solution
5. Polybrominated sedative potion
6. Antispasmodic cassettes
7. Antispasmodic pills
8. Antispasmodic suppositories
9. Antineuralgic cassettes
10. Chloralhydrate in enema
11.Suppositories with analgesic antipyretics
12. Aminophenazone solution
13. Belladonna tincture
14. Opium tincture
15. Dover powder cassettes
STANDARDISED PRESCRIPTIONS
1. Adrenaline
2. Noradrenaline
3. Izoprenaline
4. Ephedrine
5. Naphazoline
6. Tolazolin
7. Dihydroergotoxin 
8. Prazosin
9. Phentolamine
10. Propranolol
11. Rezerpina
12. Guanethidine
13. Neostigmine
14. Toxogonin
15. Atropine
16. Butylscopolamine
17. Scopolamine bromhidrica
18. Propantheline
19. Calcium bromide
20. Magnesium sulphate
21. Phenobarbital
22. Cyclobarbital
23. Diazepam
24. Medazepam
25. Oxazepam
26. Clordiazepoxid
27. Meprobamat
28. Hydroxyzine
29. Nitrazepam
30. Chlorpromazine
31. Levomepromazine
32. Phenytoin
33. Levodopa
34. Trihexyphenidyl 
35. Chlorzoxazone
36. Imipramine
37. Clomipramine
38. Maprotiline
39. Myanserine
40. Sodium benzoyl caffeine
41. Morphine
42. Pethidina (Mialgin)
43. Methadone
44. Nalorphine
45. Naloxone
46. Codeine
47. Acetylsalicylic acid
48. Acetaminophen
49. Phenylbutazone
50. Diclofenac
51. Ibuprofen
52. Indomethacin
53. Ketoprofen
54. Naproxen
55. Pyroxicam
56. Procaine
57. Xyline
58. Promethazine
59. Chlorpheniramin
60. Pheniramin
61. Clemastine
SEMESTER II, YEAR III
LECTURE

I. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Cardiotonics.
- Antiarrhythmics.
- Antihypertensives.
- Antianginal, vasodilators, vasoconstrictors. 
II. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- Respiratory analeptic.
- Bronchodilators, antiasthmatics.
- Cough suppressant
- Bronchial secretion modifiers. 
III. PHARMACOLOGY OF BLOOD AND HAEMATOPOIETIC ORGANS
- Anti-anemic.
- Coagulants, haemostatics.
- Anticoagulant.
- Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics.
- Platelet antiaggregant. 
IV. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 
- Stimulants of secretory and motor function: gastric secretion (direct stimulants, reflex, substitutive), pancreatic secretion (pancreatic enzymes, plant proteolytic enzymes), biliary secretion (choleretics, cholecystokinetics).
- Anti-ulcer medication (antacids, gastric antisecretory, cytoprotective).
- Emetics and antiemetics.
- Purgative, laxative, antidiarrheal.
- Antispasmodics. 
V. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM 
- Diuretics (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, thiazide, loop, antialdosteronics, osmotics).
- Antidiuretics.
- Oxytocin.
- Tocolytic. 
VI. HORMONAL AND ANTIHORMONAL MEDICATION
- ACTH, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids.
- Thyroid hormones, antithyroids.
- Antidiabetics.
- Androgenic and oestrogenic hormones.
- Anabolic. 
VII. ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS 
- General principles of obtaining antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.
- Penicillins and cephalosporins.
- Tetracycline, chloramphenicol.
- Aminoglycoside.
- Polymyxin.
- Macrolide.
- Sulphonamide, trimethoprim.
- Urinary antiseptics.
- Antituberculosis.
- Antiviral, antifungal.
- Disinfectants, antiseptics.
- Antiparasitic. 
VIII. ANTINEOPLAZIC 
IX. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 
        
LABORATORY
I. EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. Demonstration of the vasoconstrictor effect of α-adrenomimetics and the vasodilator effect of α-adrenoblockers.
2. Demonstration of the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II and its blockade by losartan.
3. Demonstration of the vasodilator effect of magnesium ion.
4. Demonstration of the vasodilator effect of acetylcholine.
5. Demonstration of the vasodilator effect of calcium channel blockers.
6. Demonstration of digoxin action on frog heart.
7. Demonstration of the antiarrhythmic effect of β-adrenoblockers.
 II. II. EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Demonstration of the intestinal antispasmodic effect of atropine.
III. EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY OF UTERINE MUSCLE
1. Demonstration of the uterotonic effect of ergometrine (ergonovine).
2. Demonstration of the uterotonic effect of oxytocin.
3. Demonstration of the uterotonic effect of endothelin.
4. Demonstration of the tocolytic effect of nifedipine.
5. Demonstration of the tocolytic effect of cAMP.
IV. MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS
MAGISTRAL PRESCRIPTIONS
1. Cough suppressants
2. Cough cassettes
3. Expectorant potion
4. Bronchodilator cassettes
5. Bronchodilator pills
6. Antiarrhythmic cassettes
7. Potassium chloride cassettes
8. Anti-anginal cassettes
9. Bitter tinctures
10. Diluted hydrochloric acid
11. Antispasmodic pills
12. Antispasmodic cassettes
13. Antispasmodic suppositories
14. Opium tincture
15. Belladonna tincture
16. Antacid powder
17. Antidiarrheal powder
18. Osmotic purgative
19. Castor oil
20. Paraffin oil
21. Antispasmodic potion
STANDARDISED PRESCRIPTIONS
1. Codeine
2. Noscapine
3. Clophedanol
4. Bromhexine
5. Izoprenaline
6. Aminophylline
7. Phenoterol
8. Guiafenezine
9. Ketotifen
10. Digitoxine
11. Pulbere de foi de digitala
12. Digoxin
13. C Lanatozid
14. Strophantine
15. Diphenylhydantoin
16. Lidocaine (Xylin)
17. Propranolol
18. Izosorbidinitrat
19. Pentaerythrityltetranitrate
20. Nitroglycerine
21. Verapamil
22. Diltiazem
23. Nifedipine
24. Clonidine
25. Rezerpine
26. DH-Ergotoxin
27. Guanethidine
28. MethylDOPA
29. Prazosin
30. Dihydralazine
31. Diazoxide
32. Oxprenolol
33. Captopril
34. Acetazolamide
35. Hydrochlorothiazide
36. Furosemid
37. Spironolactone
38. Amilorid
39. Atropine
40. Scobutil
41. Propantheline
42. Pirenzepina
43. Cimetidine
44. Ranitidine
45. Colebil
46. Dehydrocholic acid
47. Anghirol
48. Prochlorperazine
49. Tietilperazine
50. Methoclopramid
51. Promathezine
52. Magnesium sulphate (purgative)
53. Tyroda
54. Liothyronine
55. Methylthiouracil
56. Iodine (tablets)
57. Iodine ( Lugol solution)
58. Insulin
59. Tolbutamid
60. Tolazamide
61. Chlorpropamide
62. Glyburid
63. Glypizid
64. Methformin
65. Cortisone acetate
66. Hydrocortisone acetate
67. Hydrocortizon hemisuccinat
68. Prednisone
69. Dexamethasone
70. ACTH
71. Penicillin G
72.Procaine penicillin
73. Benzathine penicillin
74. Phenoxymethyl penicillin
75. Ampicillin
76. Amoxicillin
77. Carbenicillin
78. Oxacillin
69. Streptomycin
80. Gentamycin
81. Tetracycline
82. Doxycycline
83. Chloramphenicol
84. Erythromycin
85. Sulfamethoxazole
86. Phthalylsulfathiazole
87. Sulfamethoxydiazine
88. Co-trimoxazole
89. Izoniazid
90. Ethambutol
91. Rifampicin
92. Nalidixic acid
93. Nitrofurantoin
94. Heparin
95. Acenocoumarol 
Actualizat la 23.01.2024, 12:15